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Jharkhand

JHARKHANK, STATE OF INDIA , located in the northeastern part of the country . Jharkhand is bordered by the states of Bihar to the north , west Bengal to the

east, Odisha to the south , Chhattisgarh to the west , and utter Pradesh to the northwest. its capital is Ranchi . Jharkhand , one of India ‘s newest states, was

carved out of the southern portion of Bihar in 2000. statehood was the culmination of a long struggle carried on primarily by the Adivasis, or scheduled tribes

(an official term applied primarily to indigenous communities that fall outside the predominant Indian caste hierarchy). India independence brought relatively little socioeconomic

benefit to the people of the Jharkhand area. which led to widespread discontent with the Bihar administration, particularly among the tribal peoples. the tribal groups initiated

a call for independence from Bihar , and in the 1980s they became militant in their demand . in the 1990s ,the separation movement spread to nontribal communities, ultimately

precipitating the creation of a new state . area 28,833 square miles (74,677squarekm).pop. (2011) 32,966,

JHARKHAND(STATE OF INDIA)

JHARKHAND(STATE OF INDIA)

the most prominent physical feature of Jharkhand is the Chota Nagpur plateau, part of the vast deccan plateau india .

chuta Nagpur ,actually a series of plateaus ,hill, and valleys, covers nearly the entire state and consists primarily

of crystalline rocks. the main plateaus by Hazaribag and Ranchi , are separated by the faulted sedimentary coal-

bearing basin of the damodar river , and they average about 2,000 feet (610 metres) in

elevation . in the west there are more than 300 dissected but flat – topped plateaus

(called pats), many with elevations of more than 3,000feet (900 metres) . the highest

point in Jharkhand is formed by the conical granite peak of parasnath, which rises

to 4,477 feet (1,365metres) on the hazaraibag plateau ; it is sacred in the Jain religion

and to the Santhal people . lowland plains flank the plateaus in the northwestern

And northeastern parts of the state.

JHARKHAND(STATE OF INDIA) climate

there are three well -defined seasons in Jharkhand . the cold – weather seasons, from November to February , is the most pleasant part of

the year. high temperatures in ranchi in December usually rise from about

plant and animal life

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More than one -fourth of Jharkhand’s land area is forested . most forests occur on the chota Nagpur plateau ; those on the plain largely

have been cleared to allow cultivation of the land. the natural vegetation is deciduous forest; chota Nagpur is rich in Sal (shorea robusta),

valuable hardwood. other trees include the asan ( Terminalia tomentosa) , the leaves of which provide food for the silkworms of the sericulture industry , as well as several trees that are important in the production of lac (a varnishes). the tree locally known as mahua

(madhuca longifolia) yields sweet flowers that are used to make liquor. bamboo and bhabar(an indian fibre grass: ischaemum agustifolium)

from Chota Nagpur supply raw materials for paper manufacture. among the other common trees, most of which are found in the plain ,are the banyan (ficus benghalensis),

bo tree (or pipla ; ficus religiosa) and palmyra palm( borassus flabellifre).

THE BEST ABOUT JHARKHAND(STATE OF INDIA)0.2people of Jharkhand

population composition

nearly two -fifths of the population of Jharkhand consists of various indigenous peoples classified as scheduled tribes,.as well as members of the scheduled castes

(formerly called “untouchables “; Groups that officially occupy a low position within the Indian caste hierarchy). the Santhal , Oraon (kurukh) , munda , Kharia, and

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HO are the principal indigenous groups, and together they constitute the great majority of the total tribal population. Non-scheduled peoples,

who hold a higher status within the traditional indian social system , constitute most of the remaining three – fifths of the population.

settlement patterns

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with just over one-tenth of its population classified as urban , Jharkhand remained one of the most rural states in india in the early 21st

century. dispersed villages are characteristic of chota Nagpur , where settlement is confined largely to river valleys , deforested

peneplains (areas reduced almost to plains by erosion), and mineral and industrial belts.

the indigenous group are concentrated mostly in the districts of Ranchi in central Jharkhand , Dumka in the northeast, and east and

west singhbhum in the southeast. the major cities and urban agglomerations are

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ECONOMY