….Bhagat Singh, Surya Sen and the Revolutionary Nationalist…. The Revolutionary Nationalist were severely supposed during World War I, with most of their leaders in jail Or absconding. Consequently, in order to create a more harmonious atmosphere for the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms, the Government released most of them under a general amnesty in early 1920. Soon after, the National Congress launched the Non-Cooperation Movement and on the urging of Gandhiji, C. R. Das and other leaders most of the Revolutionary Nationalists either joined the movement or suspended their own activities in order to give the Gandhian mass movement be chance..

Bhagat Singh, Surya Sen and the Revolutionary Nationalist

But the sudden suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement shattered the high hopes raised earlier. Many young people began to question the very basic strategy of the national leadership and it’s emphasis on Non-violence and began to look for alternatives. They were not attractive by the parliamentary politics of the Swarajists or the patient and Undramatized constructive work of the no-changers. Many were drawn to the idea that violent method alone would free India. Revolutionary nationalism again became attractive. It is not accidental that nearly all the major new leaders of the revolutionary nationalist politics, for example, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Surya Sen, Jatin Das, Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Shiv Varma, Bhagat Charan Vohra and Jaidev Kaptur, had been enthusiastic participants in the non-violent Non-Cooperation Movement.

Gradually two separate strands of revolutionary nationalism developed one in Punjab ,Upland Bihar and Bihar and the other in Bengal .Both the strands came udder the influence of deveral new social forces. one was the upsurge of working class trade unionism after the war. They could see the revolutionary potential of the new class and desired to harness it to the nationalist revolution. The second major influence was that of the Russian Revolution and the success of the young Socialist State in consolidating itself .The young Soviet State and its ruling Bolshevik Party. The third influence was that of the newly sprouting Communist group with their emphasis on Marxism ,Socialism and the proletariat……

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THE REVOLUTIONARIES IN NORTHERN INDIA .

The Revolution aries in northern India were the first to emerge out of the mood of frustration and recorganize under the leadership of the old veterans, Ramprasad Bismil , Jogesh Chatterjea and Sachindranath Sandal whose Bandi Jiwan served as a textbook to the revolutionary momvent .

POLITICAL REVOLUTION

….Bhagat Singh, Surya Sen and the Revolutionary Nationalist….Apart from a few stray incidents, the armed rebellion against the British rulers was not organised before the beginning of the 20th century. The revolutionary philosophies and movement made their presence felt during the 1905 partition of Bengal. Arguably, the initial steps to organise the revolutionaries were taken by Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Bhupendranath Datta, Lal Bal Pal and Subodh Chandra Mullick, when they formed the Jugantar party in April 1906.

 Jugantar was created as an inner circle of the Anushilan Samiti, which was already present in Bengal, mainly as a fitness club. The notion of self-improvement of the public along lines of physical, intellectual and spiritual development followed from ideas propagated by thinkers such as Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Swami Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo who were rooted in Shakta Hinduism. 

On 9 August 1925, the Number 8 Down Train was travelling from to  When it passed Kakuro, one of the revolutionary, pulled the emergency chain to stop the train and subsequently, the other revolutionaries overpowered the guard. It is believed that they looted that specific train because it was carrying the money bags (taxes) which belonged to the Indians and was being transferred to the British government . They looted only these bags (which were present in the guards’ cabin and contained about and escaped to Lucknow. The objectives of this robbery were to..

The Kakori case was a major setback to the revolutionaries of north India but it was not a fatal blow.Younger men such as Bejoy Kumar Sinha, Shiv Varma and Jaidev Kaour in U.P , Bhagat Singh, Bhagwati Charan Vohra and Sukhdev in Punjab set out to recorganize the HRA under the overall leadership of Chandrashekar Azad. Simultaneously, they were being influence by socialist ideas . Finally , nearly all the major young revolutionaries of northern India met at Ferozeshah kotla Ground at Delhi on 9 and 10 September 1928,created a new collection leadership, Bhagat Singh, Surya Sen and the Revolutionary Nationalists adopted socialism as their officer goal and changed the name of the name of the party to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association(Army)…

Bismil and some others were charged with various offences, including robbery and murder. Fourteen people were released due to a lack of evidence. Two of the accused – Ashfaqullah Khan and Sachindranath Bakshi were captured after the trial. Chandrashekhar Azad reorganized the HRA in 1928 and operated it until his death on 27 February 1931.

Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death. Sachindranath Sanyal was given life imprisonment. Manmathnath Gupta was sentenced to 14 years’ imprisonment. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Govind Charan Kar, Raj Kumar Sinha, Ram Krishna Khatri and Mukundi Lal were sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment, while Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya and Vishnu Sharan Dublish were given 7 years’ imprisonment. Bhupendra Nath Sanyal, Ram Dulare Trivedi, Prem Krishna Khanna and Pranawesh Chatterjee were sentenced to imprisonment for 5 years’ and the least punishment (3 years’ imprisonment) was given to Ram Nath Pandey and Banwari Lal.